Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction01:29

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...
Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction01:27

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction

Degenerative disc disease is a chronic condition in which intervertebral discs gradually lose structure and function. It is not infectious or autoimmune; rather, it results from age-related biochemical and mechanical changes, influenced by genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors.Structure and Function of DiscsThe spine contains 23 intervertebral discs that absorb load, distribute forces, maintain spacing, and allow flexibility. Each disc consists of a nucleus pulposus, a gel-like core...
Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same authorSame journal

AO Spine Clinical Practice Recommendations: Evidence-Based Surgical Strategies for Lumbar Synovial Cysts.

Global spine journal·2026
Same author

Clinically Significant Changes in Global Cervical Range of Motion Following Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: A Systematic Review.

JBJS reviews·2026
Same author

Transcriptomic Signature of PDGF-BB Control of Annulus Fibrosus Reveals Modulation of Inflammatory and Neurogenic Pathways.

Cells·2026
Same author

Complications With Navigation-Assistance in Thoraco-Lumbar Spine Surgery.

Global spine journal·2026
Same author

Response to Letter to the Editor Regarding "New-Onset Psychiatric Disorders After Lumbar Fusion: Predictors, Timing, and Risk Stratification".

Global spine journal·2026
Same author

Combined Melorheostosis and Osteopoikilosis: Uncommon Presentation with Sciatic Nerve Neuropathy: A Case Report.

JBJS case connector·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion in the Ovine Model
06:11

Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion in the Ovine Model

Published on: October 5, 2009

12.9K

Radiographic Risk Factors for Adjacent Segment Disease Following Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF): A

Mohamed Kamal Mesregah1, Melissa Baker2, Camilla Yoon3

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Menoufia University Faculty of Medicine, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt.

Global Spine Journal
|March 12, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Adjacent segment disease (ASD) risk after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is linked to reduced cervical lordosis and developmental cervical canal stenosis. These radiographic factors are key indicators for potential ASD development following ACDF surgery.

Keywords:
adjacent segment diseaseanterior cervical discectomy and fusioncanal stenosisradiographic parametersrisk factorssagittal alignment

More Related Videos

Minimally Invasive Treatment for Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture Using Sagittal Alignment Screws and A Trauma Reduction Device
04:19

Minimally Invasive Treatment for Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture Using Sagittal Alignment Screws and A Trauma Reduction Device

Published on: November 8, 2024

413

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion in the Ovine Model
06:11

Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion in the Ovine Model

Published on: October 5, 2009

12.9K
Minimally Invasive Treatment for Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture Using Sagittal Alignment Screws and A Trauma Reduction Device
04:19

Minimally Invasive Treatment for Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture Using Sagittal Alignment Screws and A Trauma Reduction Device

Published on: November 8, 2024

413

Area of Science:

  • Spine Surgery
  • Radiology
  • Biomechanical Engineering

Background:

  • Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is a common procedure for degenerative cervical spine conditions.
  • Adjacent segment disease (ASD) is a potential complication following ACDF, necessitating further investigation into its risk factors.
  • Understanding radiographic parameters is crucial for predicting and potentially mitigating ASD development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze radiographic risk factors associated with ASD after ACDF.
  • To identify specific radiological parameters that correlate with the incidence of ASD in patients undergoing ACDF.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published up to December 2023, searching PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library.
  • Inclusion criteria focused on degenerative spinal conditions treated with ACDF, comparing radiological parameters in patients with and without postoperative ASD.
  • Radiographic parameters analyzed included cervical lordosis, sagittal alignment, disc height, range of motion, and T1 slope. Risk of bias was assessed, and meta-analysis was performed using Cochrane Review Manager.

Main Results:

  • The analysis included 13 retrospective studies comprising 1799 patients.
  • Significant radiographic risk factors for ASD included reduced postoperative cervical lordosis (MD = 3.35°, P = .002) and reduced last-follow-up cervical lordosis (MD = -3.02°, P = .0003).
  • Increased preoperative to postoperative cervical sagittal alignment change (MD = -3.68°, P = .03) and the presence of developmental cervical canal stenosis (OR = 4.17, P < .001) were also significantly associated with ASD.

Conclusions:

  • Decreased postoperative cervical lordosis is a significant radiographic predictor of ASD following ACDF.
  • Greater changes in cervical sagittal alignment from preoperative to postoperative states increase ASD risk.
  • Developmental cervical canal stenosis is a critical risk factor for adjacent segment disease after ACDF.