Ag₂S-Decorated One-Dimensional CdS Nanorods for Rapid Detection and Effective Discrimination of n-Butanol

N-butanol (C₄H₉OH) is a volatile organic compound (VOC) that is susceptible to industrial explosions. It has become imperative to develop n-butanol sensors with high selectivity and fast response and recovery kinetics. CdS/Ag₂S composite nanomaterials were designed and prepared by the solvothermal method. The incorporation of Ag₂S engendered a notable augmentation in specific surface area and a consequential narrow band gap. The CdS/Ag₂S-based sensor with 3% molar ratio of Ag₂S, operating at 200 °C, demonstrated a remarkably elevated response (S = R_a/R_g = 24.5) when exposed to 100 ppm n-butanol, surpassing the pristine CdS by a factor of approximately four. Furthermore, this sensor exhibited notably shortened response and recovery times, at a mere 4 s and 1 s, respectively. These improvements were ascribed to the one-dimensional single-crystal nanorod structure of CdS, which provided an effective path for expedited electron transport along its axial dimension. Additionally, the electron and chemical sensitization effects resulting from the modification with precious metal sulfides Ag₂S were the primary reasons for enhancing the sensor response. This work can contribute to mitigating the safety risks associated with the use of n-butanol in industrial processes.