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Stereoisomerism

Stereoisomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula.
Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...

Position-effect Variegation

Position-effect Variegation

In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.

Stereoisomers

Stereoisomers

On the basis of mirror symmetry, stereoisomers of an organic molecule can be further classified into diastereomers and enantiomers. Diastereomers are stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other. Substituted alkenes, such as the cis and trans isomers of 2-butene, are diastereomers, as these molecules exhibit different spatial orientations of their constituent atoms, are not mirror images of each other, and do not interconvert. Here, the interconversion is suppressed due to...

Isomerism in Alkenes

Isomerism in Alkenes

Alkenes like 1-butene and 2-butene exhibit constitutional isomerism, as they differ in the position of the double bond. Further, 2-butene exhibits stereoisomerism and exists as two distinct compounds differing in spatial arrangement.
An isomer is called cis-2-butene when the methyl groups are on the same side of the double bond, and the other stereoisomer, in which methyl groups are on the opposite side of the double bond, is called trans-2-butene. The cis and trans stereoisomers are not...

Multiple Allele Traits

Multiple Allele Traits

The Concept of Multiple Allelism

Structural Isomerism

Structural Isomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2025

Heterokaryon Technique for Analysis of Cell Type-specific Localization

Heterokaryon Technique for Analysis of Cell Type-specific Localization

Published on: March 11, 2011

Heterostyly.

Mathias Scharman¹, Michael Lenhard¹

¹Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.

Current Biology : CB

|March 12, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Heterostyly is a floral trait where plants have multiple flower forms. This phenomenon impacts plant reproduction and evolution.

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Heterokaryon Technique for Analysis of Cell Type-specific Localization

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Published on: March 11, 2011

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Area of Science:

Botany
Evolutionary Biology
Plant Science

Background:

Floral morphology variation is crucial for understanding plant reproductive strategies.
Heterostyly, a specific type of floral polymorphism, presents distinct stamen and pistil arrangements within a species.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce and define heterostyly as a key concept in plant reproductive biology.
To highlight the significance of morphological diversity in floral forms.

Main Methods:

Descriptive analysis of floral structures.
Comparative morphology of different flower forms within populations.

Main Results:

Identification of heterostyly as a widespread phenomenon in flowering plants.
Demonstration of distinct morphological differences in stamen and pistil presentation across flower morphs.

Conclusions:

Heterostyly represents a significant evolutionary adaptation influencing plant mating systems.
Understanding heterostyly is essential for research in plant breeding and conservation.