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Related Concept Videos

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

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Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
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Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin00:51

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Calcitonin, a vital polypeptide hormone, regulates calcium levels within body fluids. It is released by the parafollicular cells, also known as C cells, situated in the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland. Calcitonin responds to fluctuations in blood calcium levels and the influence of gastrointestinal hormones like gastrin and cholecystokinin.
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Calcium is an essential signaling molecule required for various cellular functions. Calcium pumps and ion channels on cell and organellar membranes, such as those on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), regulate calcium concentrations inside the cell. They remain closed, keeping the cytosolic calcium levels low at a resting state.
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Roles of Electrolytes: Calcium and Phosphate01:27

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Calcium and phosphate are essential electrolytes in the human body, with calcium being the most abundant mineral. Around 99% of the body's calcium is stored in the skeleton and teeth, forming a crystal lattice of mineral salts in combination with phosphates. Calcium plays crucial roles in various bodily functions such as blood clotting, neurotransmitter release, muscle tone maintenance, and nervous and muscle tissue excitability.
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
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The Parathyroid Glands00:59

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The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
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Serum Calcium Normal Range in 1,000 Term Newborns.

Lucie Levaillant1,2, Agnès Linglart3,4, Emmanuelle Letamendia5

  • 1AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre Paris-Saclay, service d'endocrinologie et diabète de l'enfant, Centre de référence des maladies rares du métabolisme du calcium et du phosphate, filière OSCAR, DMU 3 SEA, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France, lucielevaillant49@gmail.com.

Hormone Research in Paediatrics
|March 12, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Neonatal serum calcium levels at 3 days of life range from 2.06 to 2.73 mmol/L. Maternal vitamin D status significantly impacts newborn calcium levels, highlighting the importance of supplementation.

Keywords:
NewbornsPregnancyReference valuesSerum calciumVitamin D

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal physiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Calcium metabolism

Background:

  • Serum calcium levels in newborns decrease sharply after birth due to the cessation of maternal-fetal calcium transfer.
  • Maternal vitamin D levels are a known factor influencing neonatal serum calcium.
  • The study investigates neonatal calcium levels in relation to French vitamin D supplementation guidelines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the normal range of neonatal serum calcium.
  • To assess the impact of maternal vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy on neonatal serum calcium.
  • To identify factors influencing serum calcium maintenance in newborns.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective cohort study involving 1,002 mother-newborn dyads.
  • Data collected from two centers near Paris, France, between April 2012 and July 2014.
  • Analysis of maternal and cord blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations.

Main Results:

  • Neonatal serum calcium at 3 days of life ranged from 2.06 to 2.73 mmol/L (mean 2.45 mmol/L).
  • No significant difference in serum calcium was observed between infants of supplemented and non-supplemented mothers.
  • Maternal and cord blood 25(OH)D concentrations were crucial for maintaining neonatal serum calcium.

Conclusions:

  • The established normal range for neonatal serum calcium (2.06–2.73 mmol/L) is wider than the adult range.
  • These findings aid physicians in diagnosing neonatal hypo- or hypercalcemia.
  • The study underscores the importance of vitamin D supplementation and adequate 25(OH)D status for neonatal calcium homeostasis.