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Related Concept Videos

Nociception01:44

Nociception

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Nociception—the ability to feel pain—is essential for an organism’s survival and overall well-being. Noxious stimuli such as piercing pain from a sharp object, heat from an open flame, or contact with corrosive chemicals are first detected by sensory receptors, called nociceptors, located on nerve endings. Nociceptors express ion channels that convert noxious stimuli into electrical signals. When these signals reach the brain via sensory neurons, they are perceived as pain.
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Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways01:29

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Somatic sensory or somatosensory pathways refer to the neural pathways that carry information related to touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and proprioception from the skin, muscles, tendons, and joints to the brain. These pathways involve several stages of processing and integration of sensory information.
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Major Somatic Sensory Pathways01:28

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Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the...
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Inflammatory Response01:28

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An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
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Sympathetic Pathways: Sympathetic Chain Ganglia01:21

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The sympathetic chain ganglia, also known as the sympathetic trunk ganglia or paravertebral ganglia, are a series of ganglia located bilaterally on either side of the spinal column. These ganglia serve as relay stations for the sympathetic nervous system. Preganglionic neurons originating in the spinal cord project their axons to the sympathetic chain ganglia. Within the ganglia, these preganglionic fibers synapse with postganglionic neurons.
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Somatosensation01:33

Somatosensation

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The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
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Author Spotlight: A Procedure for Mouse Dorsal Root Ganglion Cryosectioning
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Inflammatory sensory neuronopathies.

J-C Antoine1

  • 1Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, 42055 Saint-Étienne cedex, France.

Revue Neurologique
|March 12, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early identification of inflammatory sensory neuronopathies is key. Prompt immunomodulatory treatment can stabilize or improve these rare sensory neuron disorders before irreversible nerve damage occurs.

Keywords:
AntibodiesParaneoplastic neurological syndromeSensory ganglionopathySensory neuronopathySjögren syndromeTreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Inflammatory sensory neuronopathies are rare, heterogeneous disorders affecting dorsal root ganglia sensory neurons.
  • These conditions arise from dysimmune mechanisms and can be associated with cancer, autoimmune diseases (e.g., Sjögren syndrome), or viral infections.
  • A significant subset of cases remains isolated, lacking clear triggers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To emphasize the critical need for early identification of inflammatory sensory neuronopathies.
  • To highlight the potential for disease stabilization or improvement with timely immunomodulatory treatments.
  • To underscore the role of biomarkers, particularly antibodies, in facilitating early diagnosis and therapeutic trial development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on inflammatory sensory neuronopathies.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria and clinical presentations.
  • Discussion of the role of immunomodulatory and immunosuppressant therapies.
  • Emphasis on biomarker discovery, including autoantibodies.

Main Results:

  • Inflammatory sensory neuronopathies present with diverse clinical courses (acute, subacute, chronic).
  • Early diagnosis is essential for effective intervention with immunomodulatory or immunosuppressant treatments.
  • Biomarkers, especially antibodies, are crucial for early identification and guiding treatment strategies.
  • Timely treatment can prevent definitive neuronal degeneration and improve patient outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Early diagnosis of inflammatory sensory neuronopathies is paramount for successful treatment.
  • Immunomodulatory therapies offer potential for stabilizing or reversing disease progression.
  • Development and application of specific biomarkers are critical for advancing therapeutic strategies and clinical trials in these rare disorders.