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Cardiac Surgery Patients Have Reduced Vascularity and Structural Defects of the Retina Similar to Persons with

Gabija Vičaitė1, Liveta Barišauskaitė1, Viktorija Bakstytė1

  • 1Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu 2, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 13, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Cardiac surgery patients exhibit reduced ocular vascular and structural parameters, similar to those with open-angle glaucoma. This highlights potential impacts of impaired cardiovascular supply on retinal health.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Impaired ocular blood flow is linked to open-angle glaucoma (OAG).
  • The impact of compromised cardiovascular supply on retinal structure and vasculature remains under-investigated.
  • This study compares ocular parameters in OAG patients and cardiac surgery (CS) patients with cardiopulmonary bypass.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate variations in retinal structural and vascular parameters.
  • To compare these parameters between open-angle glaucoma (OAG) patients and cardiac surgery (CS) patients.
  • To assess the effect of impaired cardiovascular supply on ocular health.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective observational study involving 82 subjects: 30 controls, 33 OAG patients, 19 CS patients.
  • Ophthalmological assessment using swept-source OCT and color Doppler imaging (CDI) in one eye.
  • Analysis of vascular parameters (PSV, EDV, RI) and retinal layer thickness (GCL++, GCL+).

Main Results:

  • CS patients showed significantly lower ophthalmic artery (OA) and short posterior ciliary artery (SPCA) peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end-diastolic velocity (EDV), and higher resistive index (RI) compared to controls and OAG patients.
  • SPCA EDV correlated with linear cup-to-disc ratio (CDR).
  • CS patients had thinner ganglion cell complex (GCL++) and GCL+ layers in inner sectors compared to controls, with correlations to central retinal artery (CRA) and SPCA parameters.

Conclusions:

  • Cardiac surgery patients exhibit reduced vascular and structural parameters in the optic nerve head (ONH) and macula.
  • These ocular parameter reductions in CS patients are comparable to those observed in open-angle glaucoma (OAG) patients.
  • Findings suggest significant ocular changes associated with impaired cardiovascular supply.

Keywords:
open-angle glaucomaoptical coherence tomographyoptical coherence tomography angiographyperfusion

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