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Porous Polymer Structures with Tunable Mechanical Properties Using a Water Emulsion Ink.

Joshua Z R Dantzler1, Sofia Gabriela Gomez1, Stephanie Gonzalez1

  • 1Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 13, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study demonstrates using water as a pore-former to create tunable porous polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) foams. These engineered PDMS materials exhibit enhanced mechanical properties and are suitable for additive manufacturing applications.

Keywords:
3D printingfoampolydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)rheologytunable mechanical properties

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Additive Manufacturing

Background:

  • Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is a versatile polymer with tunable properties.
  • Engineered porosity in PDMS enhances its mechanical characteristics and expands its applications.
  • Controlling pore formation is key to tailoring PDMS material performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the use of transient liquid phase water as a pore-forming agent for PDMS.
  • To optimize PDMS-to-water ratios for improved mechanical properties and pore stability.
  • To assess the suitability of water-emulsion PDMS foams for additive manufacturing.

Main Methods:

  • Varying deionized water to PDMS precursor ratios (100:0 to 10:90) during blending and curing.
  • Characterizing mechanical properties (Young's Modulus, energy absorption, compressive strength).
  • Evaluating pore stability at different storage temperatures and incorporating fumed silica for rheological modification.

Main Results:

  • The PDMS-to-water ratio of 65:35 yielded optimal mechanical properties, including a 31.46% increase in Young's Modulus compared to bulk PDMS.
  • Optimal storage at -60 °C ensured pore stability for three weeks.
  • 9 wt% fumed silica provided ideal viscosity (10,290 Pa·s) for paste extrusion additive manufacturing, exhibiting shear-thinning and thixotropic behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Water serves as an effective pore-former for PDMS, enabling the creation of materials with enhanced mechanical properties.
  • Engineered porous PDMS foams are suitable for additive manufacturing processes.
  • These materials hold potential for applications in aerospace, medical devices, and defense, including sensors and lightweight structures.