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A Pipeline to Investigate the Structures and Signaling Pathways of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptors

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Sphingosine Prevents Rhinoviral Infections.

Judith Lang¹, Matthias Soddemann², Michael J Edwards²

¹Department of Immunology, University Clinic, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

|March 13, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Sphingosine effectively prevents rhinovirus infections in human cells and mice by binding to the virus. This lipid treatment shows no adverse effects, offering a potential therapeutic strategy for respiratory viral infections.

Keywords:

adverse effects common cold infection nose rhinovirus sphingosine

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Generation, Amplification, and Titration of Recombinant Respiratory Syncytial Viruses

Generation, Amplification, and Titration of Recombinant Respiratory Syncytial Viruses

Published on: April 4, 2019

Area of Science:

Virology and Immunology
Biochemistry and Biophysics

Background:

Rhinoviral infections account for approximately 50% of upper respiratory tract infections.
Novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed to combat rhinovirus infections.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the efficacy of sphingosine in preventing rhinovirus infections in vitro and in vivo.
To elucidate the mechanism of action of sphingosine against rhinovirus.
To assess the safety profile of sphingosine in nasal epithelial cells and mucosa.

Main Methods:

In vitro studies using cultured and freshly isolated human cells challenged with minor and major group rhinoviruses.
In vivo studies involving intranasal administration of sphingosine to mice before and after rhinovirus infection.
Analysis of viral infection in nasal epithelial cells and assessment of cellular toxicity using hemalaun and TUNEL stainings.
Characterization of the direct binding interaction between sphingosine and rhinovirus.

Main Results:

Sphingosine treatment prevented rhinovirus infections in human nasal epithelial cells.
Intranasal sphingosine administration protected mice from rhinovirus infection, even when applied up to 8 hours post-infection.
Sphingosine demonstrated no adverse effects on nasal epithelial cells or mucosa.
Direct binding of positively charged sphingosine to negatively charged viral molecules was observed, inhibiting infection.

Conclusions:

Exogenous sphingosine effectively prevents rhinovirus infections through a biophysical mechanism.
Sphingosine presents a promising therapeutic candidate for preventing viral respiratory infections.
Further research is warranted to explore its potential against other respiratory viruses and to determine pharmacokinetics.