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Related Concept Videos

Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan01:13

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Radiological investigations are paramount in the diagnosis and management of various pulmonary diseases. Two essential investigations are the Pulmonary Angiogram and the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan.
Pulmonary Angiogram
A Pulmonary Angiogram is an invasive procedure involving injecting a contrast medium through a catheter threaded into the pulmonary artery or the right side of the heart to visualize the pulmonary vasculature. Computed Tomography (CT) scans have mainly replaced this...
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Related Experiment Video

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Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies
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FLASH Radiotherapy: Expectations, Challenges, and Current Knowledge.

Andrea Borghini1, Luca Labate2, Simona Piccinini2

  • 1CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, 56124 Pisa, Italy.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|March 13, 2024
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Summary

FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH RT) shows promise for sparing normal tissue using ultra-high dose rates (UHDRs). Further research into biological mechanisms and technology development is crucial for clinical translation.

Keywords:
CBMN assayFLASH effectFLASH radiotherapymitochondrial DNAnormal tissue responsenuclear DNA damagetumor responseultra-high dose ratevery high-energy electronsγ-H2AX

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Area of Science:

  • Radiation oncology
  • Medical physics
  • Radiobiology

Background:

  • FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH RT) utilizes ultra-high dose rates (UHDRs) to potentially spare normal tissues while maintaining tumor control.
  • Despite promising preclinical and early clinical data, significant challenges hinder widespread clinical adoption of FLASH RT.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current research progress in FLASH RT, focusing on biological mechanisms and technological advancements.
  • To identify key challenges and future directions for the clinical translation of FLASH RT.

Main Methods:

  • Critical summary of preclinical evidence and in vitro studies investigating DNA damage responses to UHDR irradiation.
  • Overview of technological developments for delivering FLASH-compliant beams, including laser-driven plasma accelerators.

Main Results:

  • Preclinical and initial human studies suggest a normal tissue sparing effect with UHDRs in FLASH RT.
  • Understanding the radiobiological mechanisms of UHDRs, particularly DNA damage and repair, is essential for clinical success.

Conclusions:

  • Further in vitro studies are needed to elucidate the radiobiological mechanisms underlying the FLASH effect.
  • Development of optimized technologies and beam parameters is critical for establishing FLASH RT as a clinical reality.