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Extracellular Vesicles as Novel Diagnostic and Therapeutic Agents for Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: A Systematic Review

Konstantinos Seretis1, Eleni Boptsi1, Anastasia Boptsi1

  • 1Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45100 Ioannina, Greece.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|March 13, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) show potential as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Further research is needed to understand their role in NMSC progression and treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Standard non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy for advanced cases.
  • Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, play a role in cancer development and are found in NMSC, releasing mediators that influence tumor progression.
  • The exact intercellular signaling function of NMSC-derived EVs is not fully understood.

Approach:

  • This systematic review analyzed literature from database inception to September 2023.
  • Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to studies focusing on NMSC-derived EVs, their molecular cargo, and their diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications.
  • Key molecular components within NMSC-derived EVs were identified.

Key Points:

  • EV proteins and RNA show promise as diagnostic biomarkers for NMSC through liquid biopsy.
  • Circular RNA CYP24A1 is a stable diagnostic biomarker candidate.
  • Long noncoding RNAs (lincRNA-PICSAR) and Desmoglein 2 (DSg2) are prognostic biomarkers linked to drug resistance.
  • EV mediators are being explored as potential drug delivery agents.

Conclusions:

  • NMSC-derived EVs represent promising therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers.
  • Further investigation into EV mechanisms is crucial for advancing NMSC diagnosis and treatment strategies.
Keywords:
basal cell carcinomabiomarkercutaneous squamous cell carcinomadiagnosisexosomesextracellular vesiclesnon-melanoma skin cancerprognosistreatment

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