Novel Perspectives in Chronic Kidney Disease-Specific Cardiovascular Disease

Area of Science:

• Nephrology
• Cardiology
• Molecular Biology

Background:

• Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects over 10% of adults globally, significantly increasing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.
• CVD in CKD patients is premature and accelerated, encompassing conditions like coronary artery disease, heart failure, and arrhythmias.
• Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) arises from the interplay of CKD and CVD, driven by shared risk factors and bidirectional organ deterioration.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the evolving understanding of cardiorenal syndrome (CRS).
• To highlight recent advances in the molecular biology of CRS.
• To outline potential disease-specific therapies and biomarkers for CRS detection.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on molecular pathophysiology of CRS.
• Analysis of shared risk factors and mechanisms in CKD and CVD.
• Synthesis of current knowledge on inflammation, oxidative stress, and senescence in CRS.

Main Results:

• Shared risk factors like hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and dyslipidemia contribute to CRS.
• Neurohormonal activation, inflammation, and immune responses exacerbate cardiorenal damage.
• Common molecular pathways including inflammation, oxidative stress, senescence, and hemodynamic changes characterize CRS.

Conclusions:

• CRS involves complex interactions between cardiac and renal systems.
• Understanding molecular pathophysiology is key to developing targeted therapies for CRS.
• Biomarkers for early detection and risk stratification in CRS are crucial.