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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
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Cancer Therapies02:49

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity01:25

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Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity refer to the ability of drugs to cause genetic defects and induce cancer, respectively. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies agents into four groups based on their carcinogenic potential. Group 1 agents are known human carcinogens; group 2A agents are probably carcinogenic to humans; group 3 agents lack data to support their role in carcinogenesis; and group 4 includes agents for which data support that they are not likely to be...
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Immunofluorescence Imaging of DNA Damage and Repair Foci in Human Colon Cancer Cells
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Carbon Ion Irradiation Activates Anti-Cancer Immunity.

Makoto Sudo1, Hiroko Tsutsui1, Jiro Fujimoto1,2

  • 1Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|March 13, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Carbon ion radiation therapy activates anti-cancer immunity by damaging cancer cells and stimulating immune responses. Combining carbon ion therapy with TME-targeting treatments may overcome cancer

Keywords:
anti-cancer immunitycancer immunosurveillancecarbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT)myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs)regulatory T cells (Tregs)tumor microenvironment (TME)tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs)

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Radiation Physics

Background:

  • Carbon ion radiation therapy (CIRT) utilizes high linear energy transfer to induce DNA damage, potentially activating anti-cancer immune responses.
  • The tumor microenvironment (TME) often suppresses anti-cancer immunity, hindering treatment efficacy.
  • Dendritic cells play a crucial role in presenting cancer antigens to T cells, initiating adaptive anti-cancer immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms by which CIRT stimulates anti-cancer immunity.
  • To discuss the role of the TME in modulating CIRT's immunogenic effects.
  • To explore strategies for combining CIRT with TME-targeting therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of preclinical and clinical studies on CIRT and cancer immunotherapy.
  • Analysis of molecular pathways involved in CIRT-induced immune activation.
  • Examination of TME components and their impact on treatment outcomes.

Main Results:

  • CIRT can trigger apoptosis and release of tumor antigens, activating dendritic cells and T cell responses.
  • The TME, rich in immunosuppressive cells, can counteract CIRT-mediated immunity.
  • Preclinical data suggest synergistic effects when CIRT is combined with TME-modulating agents.

Conclusions:

  • CIRT has the potential to activate anti-cancer immunity, but its effectiveness is often limited by the TME.
  • Targeting immunosuppressive elements within the TME is a promising strategy to enhance CIRT efficacy.
  • Combination therapies involving CIRT and TME modulation warrant further investigation for improved cancer treatment outcomes.