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Creating a Framework for Treating Autoimmune Gastritis-The Case for Replacing Lost Acid
Lori Taylor1, Andrew McCaddon2, Bruce H R Wolffenbuttel3
1Faculty of Integrative and Functional Nutrition, Saybrook University, Pasadena, CA 91103, USA.
Nutrients
|March 13, 2024
Summary
Autoimmune gastritis (AIG) causes low stomach acid, increasing cancer risk. Supplementing with betaine hydrochloride could restore acidity, potentially reducing risks associated with AIG.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Immunology
- Oncology
Background:
- Autoimmune gastritis (AIG) involves gastric parietal cell destruction, leading to hypochlorhydria and achlorhydria.
- Loss of gastric acid in AIG increases risks of hypergastrinemia and N-nitroso compounds, elevating gastric cancer risk.
- Current AIG management often overlooks acid replacement and may inappropriately use acid suppression.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of gastric acid in gastrointestinal and immune health.
- To document the consequences of hypochlorhydria in AIG patients.
- To propose safe methods for re-establishing stomach acidity in AIG.
Main Methods:
- Narrative review of existing literature.
- Analysis of the physiological functions of gastric acid.
- Evaluation of potential therapeutic interventions for AIG-related hypochlorhydria.
Main Results:
- Gastric acid is crucial for digestion and immune function.
- Hypochlorhydria in AIG contributes to significant health risks, including cancer.
- Betaine hydrochloride and vitamin C are potential agents to manage AIG sequelae.
Conclusions:
- Restoring gastric acidity in AIG may mitigate hypergastrinemia and N-nitroso compound formation.
- Acid supplementation, alongside vitamin C, could offer a novel therapeutic strategy for AIG.
- Further research is needed to validate the safety and efficacy of re-acidification in AIG.
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