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Hepatic alveolar echinococcosis simulating metastatic malignancy.

Suvradeep Mitra¹, Payal Charaya¹, Shrinath Gururaj Deshpande²

¹Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Department of Histopathology, Chandigarh, India.

Autopsy & Case Reports

|March 13, 2024

Summary

Alveolar echinococcosis, a rare but dangerous parasitic infection, can mimic liver cancer. Early diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment of this zoonotic disease.

Keywords:

Echinococcosis Keywords: Liver Neoplasm Metastasis Pathology

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Area of Science:

Parasitology
Medical Entomology
Hepatology

Background:

Echinococcosis is a parasitic zoonosis caused by tapeworms of the genus *Echinococcus*.
It is classified into cystic echinococcosis (common) and alveolar echinococcosis (rare but severe).
Alveolar echinococcosis results from *Echinococcus multilocularis* larval infection, involving rodents and carnivores.

Observation:

A case report details a young man in North India presenting with jaundice and abdominal pain.
Imaging revealed a large intrahepatic solid-cystic lesion, initially suspected as malignant.
Liver biopsy confirmed necrosis with PAS-positive membranes, indicative of echinococcosis.

Findings:

Alveolar echinococcosis can manifest as a complex intrahepatic mass.
The presentation can closely resemble a malignant liver tumor, including central necrosis.
This highlights the diagnostic challenge posed by rare parasitic infections.

Implications:

Accurate diagnosis of alveolar echinococcosis is critical, as it can mimic malignancy.
Prompt identification and treatment are essential due to the potential severity of untreated disease.
This case underscores the importance of considering parasitic infections in liver lesions, especially in endemic areas.