Identification of lymph node adulteration in minced pork by comprehensive metabolomics and lipidomics approach based...

The deliberate pork adulteration with lymph nodes is a common adulteration phenomenon, and it poses a serious threat to public health and food safety. An untargeted metabolomics and lipidomics approach based on ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion trap quadrupole-Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry (MS) was used to distinguish lymph nodes from minced pork. The principal component analysis and orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminant analysis models were established with the good of fitness and predictivity. The results showed that there were significant differences in metabolites and lipids between lymph nodes and pork. A total of 16 significantly differentiated metabolites were identified, of which 1-palmitoylglycerophosphocholine, 12,13-dihydroxy-9-octadecenoic acid, and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) were positively correlated with lymph node content and were identified as potential markers of lymph nodes. These three markers were combined to create a binary logistic regression model, and a combined-factor exceeding 0.75 was ultimately identified as a marker for pork adulteration with lymph nodes. The desorption electrospray ionization-MS images showed that PGE₂ had a higher relative abundance in the lymph node region than in adjacent non-lymph node regions, indicating that PGE₂ was a marker that contributed significantly for identifying lymph nodes adulteration into pork. Our results provide a theoretical basis for identifying lymph node adulteration, which will contribute to combating fraud in the meat industry.