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Corneal biomechanics and diagnostics: a review
Maria Angeliki Komninou1,2, Theo G Seiler1,3,4,5, Volker Enzmann6,7
1Department of Ophthalmology, Bern University Hospital Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
International Ophthalmology
|March 13, 2024
Summary
Understanding corneal biomechanics is key for diagnosing eye conditions like keratoconus and glaucoma. New non-destructive measurement techniques aid in early detection and improved management of corneal diseases, preventing complications.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Biomedical Engineering
- Corneal Science
Background:
- Corneal biomechanics, the study of the anterior eye's physical and biological properties, is gaining significant research interest.
- Factors influencing corneal biomechanics include hormonal fluctuations, hydration, environmental conditions, age, intraocular pressure, and central corneal thickness.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review factors affecting corneal biomechanics.
- To evaluate recent advancements in non-destructive, in vivo measurement techniques for corneal diseases.
Main Methods:
- Historically, corneal biomechanics were inferred from geometrical analysis and ex vivo testing.
- Current research focuses on developing non-destructive, contactless in vivo techniques for measuring corneal biomechanical properties.
Main Results:
- Altered corneal biomechanics are linked to diseases such as keratoconus and glaucoma.
- New measurement techniques are crucial for identifying pathological corneas and preventing postoperative complications.
Conclusions:
- Early identification of pathological corneas is vital for preventing postoperative complications.
- Enhanced understanding of corneal biomechanics facilitates earlier diagnosis of ectatic disorders, improves refractive surgery outcomes, and optimizes postoperative treatment.
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