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Pediatric cutaneous mucormicosis.

Mariana Claudia Matei1, Sandra Castejon Ramirez, Sara Sanz Sanz

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain. marimatei.96@gmail.com.

Dermatology Online Journal
|March 13, 2024
PubMed
Summary

A pediatric case of mucormycosis, a rare fungal infection, occurred in a boy with acute myeloblastic leukemia. Early diagnosis and combined treatment of surgical debridement with amphotericin B improved outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Mucormycosis is a rare, opportunistic fungal infection.
  • It primarily affects immunocompromised individuals, especially those with hematological diseases.
  • Pediatric cases are infrequent but associated with significant morbidity.

Observation:

  • A 9-year-old boy with acute myeloblastic leukemia presented with febrile neutropenia.
  • He developed multiple violaceous skin lesions with central necrosis on his extremities and chest.
  • Histopathology revealed cutaneous infarction with characteristic broad, right-angled branching hyphae.

Findings:

  • Rhizopus oryzae was isolated from lesion cultures.
  • Diagnosis was confirmed via biopsy and fungal culture.
  • The patient received surgical debridement and intravenous amphotericin B, followed by oral posaconazole.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of early recognition of mucormycosis in pediatric leukemia patients.
  • Combined surgical and antifungal therapy offers the best prognosis.
  • Prompt diagnosis through direct smear/histology and culture is crucial for effective management.