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Using Inundation Extents to Predict Microbial Contamination in Private Wells after Flooding Events.

Kyla R Drewry1, C Nathan Jones2, Wesley Hayes1

  • 1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.

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This summary is machine-generated.

Flood maps help identify contaminated private wells after disasters, but their accuracy varies. Post-Hurricane Florence, flood boundaries showed higher contamination rates, highlighting the need for better inundation mapping for well water safety.

Keywords:
flood boundariesinundation mappingmicrobial contaminationprivate wellswell water

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Public Health
  • Water Resource Management

Background:

  • Private well water contamination is a significant concern during disaster recovery, particularly after flooding events.
  • The relationship between flood extent and microbial contamination in well water is complex and varies widely.
  • Effective disaster response requires accurate identification of at-risk private wells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the performance of different flood boundaries in identifying microbial contamination in private wells post-Hurricane Florence.
  • To compare the efficacy of FEMA flood maps, drainage-derived inundation extents, and satellite-derived extents.
  • To assess the impact of flooding on well water quality and inform post-disaster response strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Compared microbial contamination rates in private wells within various flood boundaries (FEMA, drainage-derived, satellite-derived) against routine conditions.
  • Analyzed state-generated water quality testing data from before and after Hurricane Florence.
  • Assessed the spatial variability of flood boundary performance based on flooding type (riverine, overbank, coastal).

Main Results:

  • Microbial contamination rates were 7.1–10.5 times higher within all three flood boundaries compared to routine conditions.
  • Estimated inundated private wells ranged from approximately 2,600 to over 108,400, depending on the flood boundary used.
  • The effectiveness of flood boundaries in pinpointing contaminated wells varied spatially with flood type.

Conclusions:

  • Inundation mapping techniques have strengths and limitations critical for post-disaster well water management.
  • Enhanced well water testing efforts are crucial, given the low participation rates (<1% of wells tested).
  • Understanding flood boundary performance guides improved response and recovery for private well safety.