Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cancer02:18

Cancer

Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
Classification of Connective Tissues01:30

Classification of Connective Tissues

The connective tissues have different properties and functions in the human body. They are broadly categorized into proper, supporting, or fluid connective tissues.
Connective Tissue Proper
Connective tissue proper is the most abundant class of connective tissues. As its name implies, it predominantly connects different tissues in the body. Depending on the cell types, ground substance, viscosity, and fiber types in the ECM, connective tissue proper is further categorized into loose and dense.
Classification of Leukocytes01:30

Classification of Leukocytes

Leukocytes are classified into two groups based on the presence or absence of cytoplasmic granules. Granular leukocytes, which contain granules, belong to the myeloid lineage and are divided into three subtypes: neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. These cells are roughly spherical and characterized by the granules in their cytoplasm.
Neutrophils are the most abundant type of granular leukocytes, comprising 50-70% of all leukocytes. They feature small, evenly distributed granules and a...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Impact of low levels of arsenic in drinking water with incident urologic cancers in Washington state.

Journal of hazardous materials·2026
Same author

Neoadjuvant Sacituzumab Govitecan in Patients With Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: Primary Results of the SURE-01 Trial.

Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology·2026
Same author

Proceedings of the first international NMIBC consensus classification meeting.

Bladder cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands)·2026
Same author

Advancing bladder cancer detection: commentary on a urinary DNA methylation diagnostic assay.

Translational andrology and urology·2026
Same author

Bladder Cancer, Version 1.2026, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines In Oncology.

Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN·2026
Same author

Development of an extended version of GALEAS bladder: Detection of FGFR3 fusions in urine and associations between genomic alterations and gene expression.

Bladder cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

3-D Cell Culture System for Studying Invasion and Evaluating Therapeutics in Bladder Cancer
09:24

3-D Cell Culture System for Studying Invasion and Evaluating Therapeutics in Bladder Cancer

Published on: September 13, 2018

9.0K

Alignment of molecular subtypes across multiple bladder cancer subtyping classifiers.

Moritz J Reike1, Joep J de Jong2, Tarek A Bismar3

  • 1Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Urology, Marien Hospital Herne, Ruhr-University Bochum, Herne, Germany.

Urologic Oncology
|March 13, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Luminal-like molecular subtypes in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) do not benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). These findings highlight inconsistencies in molecular subtyping nomenclature across different classifiers.

Keywords:
Bladder cancerChemotherapyMolecular subtypesRadical cystectomy

More Related Videos

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment of Carcinogen-induced Murine Bladder Tumors
05:19

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment of Carcinogen-induced Murine Bladder Tumors

Published on: March 29, 2019

10.3K
Culture of Bladder Cancer Organoids as Precision Medicine Tools
08:39

Culture of Bladder Cancer Organoids as Precision Medicine Tools

Published on: December 28, 2021

4.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

3-D Cell Culture System for Studying Invasion and Evaluating Therapeutics in Bladder Cancer
09:24

3-D Cell Culture System for Studying Invasion and Evaluating Therapeutics in Bladder Cancer

Published on: September 13, 2018

9.0K
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment of Carcinogen-induced Murine Bladder Tumors
05:19

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment of Carcinogen-induced Murine Bladder Tumors

Published on: March 29, 2019

10.3K
Culture of Bladder Cancer Organoids as Precision Medicine Tools
08:39

Culture of Bladder Cancer Organoids as Precision Medicine Tools

Published on: December 28, 2021

4.7K

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) treatment involves neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) followed by radical cystectomy (RC).
  • Molecular subtypes of MIBC have shown inconsistent associations with patient outcomes after NAC and RC.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the association between molecular subtypes from various classifiers and overall survival (OS) in MIBC patients undergoing RC.
  • To assess the consistency of molecular subtyping nomenclature across different classification systems.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of gene expression data from the NACmeta meta-cohort (N=601) of MIBC patients.
  • Assignment of molecular subtypes using Genomic Subtyping Classifier (GSC), Consensus Classifier, TCGA Classifier, and Lund Classifier.
  • Inverse probability weighting used for survival analysis to balance NAC and non-NAC groups.

Main Results:

  • High consistency observed for luminal-like subtypes (GSC-Luminal, Consensus-Luminal Papillary, TCGA Luminal-Papillary, Lund-UroA).
  • No significant difference in 3-year OS for patients with luminal-like subtypes, regardless of NAC treatment.
  • Inconsistency noted in basal-like subtype classification and nomenclature across different classifiers.

Conclusions:

  • Luminal-like molecular subtypes identify MIBC patients unlikely to benefit from current NAC regimens, even in locally advanced disease.
  • Differences in subtyping nomenclature do not always reflect underlying biological distinctions.
  • Standardization of molecular subtyping is crucial for consistent clinical application and treatment stratification.