Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 1, 2025

Nucleoside Triphosphates - From Synthesis to Biochemical Characterization
Published on: April 3, 2014
Cyclic nucleotides - the rise of a family
Mateusz Kwiatkowski1, Jinwen Zhang2, Wei Zhou2
1Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska St. 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
Abstract:
Cyclic nucleotides 3',5'-cAMP and 3',5'-cGMP are now established signaling components of the plant cell while their 2',3' positional isomers are increasingly recognized as such. 3',5'-cAMP/cGMP is generated by adenylate cyclases (ACs) or guanylate cyclases (GCs) from ATP or GTP, respectively, whereas 2',3'-cAMP/cGMP is produced through the hydrolysis of double-stranded DNA or RNA by synthetases. Recent evidence suggests that the cyclic nucleotide generating and inactivating enzymes moonlight in proteins with diverse domain architecture operating as molecular tuners to enable dynamic and compartmentalized regulation of cellular signals. Further characterization of such moonlighting enzymes and extending the studies to noncanonical cyclic nucleotides promises new insights into the complex regulatory networks that underlie plant development and responses, thus offering exciting opportunities for crop improvement.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Intracellular Signaling Cascades
Amplifying Signals via Second Messengers
Positive Regulator Molecules
cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Pathways
Nucleic Acids and Nucleotides
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and the organelles such as chloroplasts and mitochondria....
Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors
Major types that are helpful drug targets include:

