Cellular senescence in reproduction: a two-edged sword†

Area of Science:

• Reproductive Biology
• Cellular Biology
• Geroscience

Background:

• Cellular senescence (CS) is a stable cell cycle arrest state, distinct from apoptosis.
• Senescent cells exhibit a unique phenotype and secrete factors known as the senescent cell-associated secretory phenotype (SASP).
• CS is implicated in various physiological and pathological conditions, including reproductive processes.

Approach:

• This review synthesizes current knowledge on the presence and function of senescent cells in reproductive tissues.
• It examines the role of CS and SASP in key reproductive events, from fertilization to pregnancy.
• The review also explores the potential of targeting CS for managing adverse reproductive outcomes.

Key Points:

• Senescent cells and SASP components are present in reproductive and gestational tissues throughout pregnancy.
• CS plays a role in fertilization, embryonic development, and maintaining pregnancy.
• Dysregulation of CS is linked to adverse reproductive outcomes, such as pregnancy loss.

Conclusions:

• Cellular senescence is a critical factor throughout the reproductive process.
• Targeting senescent cells or their SASP may offer novel therapeutic strategies for reproductive health.
• Further research is needed to fully elucidate the complex roles of CS in reproduction.