Gut microbiota in celiac disease

Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune gastrointestinal disease triggered by dietary gluten, occurring in genetically predisposed individuals. Currently, a gluten-free diet is the only current evidenced-based treatment for CD. With the growing prevalence of this condition worldwide, adjuvant therapies are needed. We understand that there are several factors that influence the pathogenesis of the condition. There is a complex interplay between genetics, environmental triggers, the immune system and gut microbiota. Recently, there has been a growing focus on the significance of gut microbiota in several autoimmune-based conditions. In particular, there has been much research involving the role of microbial flora and CD. Here, in this mini-review, we highlight the importance of gut microbiota and the symbiotic relationship with the host, introduce key factors that influence the development of the intestinal flora in early colonization, and ultimately explore its role in the pathogenesis of CD.