Carbonic Anhydrase 3 is required for cardiac repair post myocardial infarction via Smad7-Smad2/3 signaling pathway

Appropriate fibrosis is required to prevent subsequent adverse remodeling and heart failure post myocardial infarction (MI), and cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) play a critical role during the process. Carbonic anhydrase 3 (CAR3) is an important mediator in multiple biological processes besides its CO₂ hydration activity; however, the role and underlying mechanism of CAR3 on cardiac repair post MI injury remains unknown. Here, we found that CAR3 expression was up-regulated in cardiac tissue in infarct area at the reparative phase of MI, with a peak at 7 days post MI. The upregulation was detected mainly on fibroblast instead of cardiomyocyte, and primary cardiac fibroblasts treated with TGF-β1 recaptured our observation. While CAR3 deficiency leads to weakened collagen density, enlarged infarct size and aggravated cardiac dysfunction post-MI. In fibroblast, we observed that CAR3 deficiency restrains collagen synthesis, cell migration and gel contraction of cardiac fibroblasts, whereas overexpression of CAR3 in CFs improves wound healing and cardiac fibroblast activation. Mechanistically, CAR3 stabilizes Smad7 protein via modulating its acetylation, which dampens phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3, thus inhibiting fibroblast transformation. In contrast, inhibition of Smad7 acetylation with C646 blunts CAR3 deficiency induced suppression of fibroblast activation and impaired cardiac healing. Our data demonstrate a protective role of CAR3 in cardiac wound repair post MI via promoting fibroblasts activation through Smad7-TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling pathway.