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Requirements for essential micronutrients during caloric restriction and fasting
Weiguo Zhang1, Peng Chen2, Shaofeng Huo3
1Las Colinas Institutes, Irving, TX, United States.
Frontiers in Nutrition
|March 14, 2024
Summary
Caloric restriction (CR) is a weight management strategy that may impact micronutrient intake. Further research is needed to determine optimal vitamin and mineral needs during prolonged negative energy balance.
Area of Science:
- Nutrition Science
- Metabolism Studies
- Aging Research
Background:
- Caloric restriction (CR) is a non-pharmacologic approach for weight control and obesity management.
- CR may influence disease pathogenesis and the aging process, potentially promoting longevity.
- Maintaining energy balance (intake vs. expenditure) is central to CR, often involving initial negative energy balance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the potential for reduced micronutrient intake during CR.
- To identify the gap in human research regarding precise micronutrient requirements during CR.
- To emphasize the need for evidence-based exploration of micronutrient needs in negative energy balance.
Main Methods:
- Review of historical human case reports on CR.
- Analysis of longevity studies in non-human primates.
- Examination of recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on CR and supplementation.
- Identification of research gaps in human CR studies.
Main Results:
- Historical CR reports and primate studies suggest maintaining adequate micronutrient intake (AI) or recommended dietary allowances (RDA).
- Recent RCTs support daily multivitamin and mineral supplementation during CR.
- A significant gap exists in human research on specific micronutrient requirements during prolonged negative energy balance.
Conclusions:
- Current AI/RDA for micronutrients may not be adequate for individuals in prolonged negative energy balance due to CR.
- Further research is crucial to understand the absorption, utilization, and metabolism of vitamins and minerals during CR.
- Precision nutrition approaches are needed to determine optimal micronutrient intake for individuals undergoing CR.
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