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Dynamic surveillance of lymphocyte subsets in patients with non-small cell lung cancer during chemotherapy or

Shanshan Zhen1,2, Wenqian Wang1,2, Guohui Qin1

  • 1Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.

Frontiers in Immunology
|March 14, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Monitoring peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets can predict non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment response. Dynamic changes in lymphocyte counts offer early efficacy prediction for chemotherapy and combination immunotherapy in NSCLC patients.

Keywords:
NSCLCchemotherapyefficacy predictionimmunotherapylymphocyte subsets

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality globally.
  • Lymphocytes are crucial immune cells involved in cancer development and progression.
  • Understanding lymphocyte dynamics is key to predicting treatment outcomes in NSCLC.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate dynamic changes in peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets.
  • To predict the efficacy of chemotherapy or combination immunotherapy in NSCLC patients.
  • To compare the effects of different treatment strategies on lymphocyte counts.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 81 NSCLC patients treated between May 2021 and May 2023.
  • Analysis of peripheral blood lymphocyte subset counts at baseline and post-treatment.
  • Statistical analysis including Wilcoxon signed-rank, Mann-Whitney U tests, ROC curve, and logistic regression.

Main Results:

  • Lymphocyte subsets increased in responders and decreased in non-responders after treatment.
  • Ratios of lymphocyte counts post-treatment to baseline predicted efficacy early.
  • Combination immunotherapy maintained higher lymphocyte counts than chemotherapy alone.
  • First-line treatments elevated lymphocyte levels, while multiline treatments led to reductions.

Conclusions:

  • Dynamic lymphocyte surveillance accurately reflects immune status and predicts treatment efficacy.
  • Combination immunotherapy mitigates lymphocyte decline compared to chemotherapy.
  • Patients on multiline treatments are at higher risk of lymphopenia than those on first-line therapy.
  • Findings offer a reference for early efficacy prediction and optimizing immunotherapy in NSCLC.