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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

431
Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
431
Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

324
Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
324
Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

535
Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not...
535
Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

1.4K
Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which...
1.4K
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

87
The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...
87
Gastritis-I: Introduction and Types01:27

Gastritis-I: Introduction and Types

399
Gastritis, defined by the inflammation or irritation of the stomach lining or gastric mucosa, manifests in several distinct forms: acute, chronic, reactive, and a specific subtype known as autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis.
Acute gastritis presents as a sudden inflammation triggered by various stressors to the stomach lining, such as exposure to corrosive agents, local irritants like aspirin and other NSAIDs, alcohol consumption, radiation therapy, physical trauma, severe burns, sepsis,...
399

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The CYP2D6 Animal Model: How to Induce Autoimmune Hepatitis in Mice
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Autoimmune Hepatitis: An Unusual Presentation.

Ahmed A Aziz1, Muhammad A Aziz2, Deep Mehta1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Capital Health Regional Medical Center, Trenton, NJ, USA.

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives
|March 14, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) can affect elderly patients, presenting as acute liver failure. Early diagnosis and treatment in all age groups improve outcomes for this chronic inflammatory liver disease.

Keywords:
Acute Liver FailureAnti-liver/kidney microsomal-1 antibodiesAnti-smooth muscle antibodiesAscitesAutoimmune HepatitisAutoimmune diseasesJaundiceTransaminitis

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Immunology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic inflammatory liver condition with a bimodal age distribution.
  • It predominantly affects females and can manifest with diverse symptoms, from asymptomatic cases to acute liver failure.

Observation:

  • AIH is frequently underdiagnosed in elderly individuals presenting with liver failure, potentially increasing morbidity and mortality.
  • This case highlights a unique instance of AIH in an octogenarian male with acute liver failure.

Findings:

  • The patient presented with acute liver failure of unknown etiology.
  • No prior history of autoimmune conditions was noted in this elderly male patient.

Implications:

  • Autoimmune hepatitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis for elevated transaminases across all ages and genders.
  • Timely recognition and intervention in AIH are crucial for improving patient outcomes and reducing disease-related complications.