Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 1, 2025

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
Published on: November 11, 2013
Fluorination Effect on Lithium- and Manganese-Rich Layered Oxide Cathodes
Faxing Wang1, Peng Zuo2, Zhichen Xue3
1Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.
Fluorination enhances lithium- and manganese-rich (LMR) cathodes by reducing side reactions and improving performance. This study reveals a unique spinel-layered structure in fluorinated single-crystal LMR, paving the way for advanced battery materials.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Electrochemistry
- Battery Technology
Background:
- Lithium- and manganese-rich (LMR) layered oxides offer high energy density for next-generation lithium-ion batteries.
- Commercialization is limited by performance issues, with fluorination showing inconsistent results in previous studies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop an in situ fluorination method for LMR materials.
- To investigate the mechanism of performance improvement through fluorination in single-crystal LMR.
Main Methods:
- In situ fluorination of single-crystal Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2 (LNMO).
- Detailed characterization using advanced techniques to analyze structural and chemical changes.
- Electrochemical performance testing at high voltages.
Main Results:
- Achieved highly fluorinated LMR with no impurities.
- Observed decreased oxygen activity and reduced high-voltage side reactions.
- Identified a particle-level Mn3+ gradient due to surface spinel formation and bulk spinel-layered structure.
Conclusions:
- Fluorination significantly improves LMR cathode performance by altering surface and bulk structures.
- The formation of a coherent spinel-layered structure is key to enhanced electrochemical properties.
- Provides fundamental insights for designing advanced high-energy manganese-based cathodes.
More Related Videos
07:55Elemental-sensitive Detection of the Chemistry in Batteries through Soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering
Published on: April 17, 2018
10:41The Effect of Charging and Discharging Lithium Iron Phosphate-graphite Cells at Different Temperatures on Degradation
Published on: July 18, 2018
Related Concept Videos
Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer
Ionic Crystal Structures
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge
Formation of Complex Ions