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Who gets left behind by left behind places?
Dylan S Connor1, Aleksander K Berg1, Tom Kemeny2
1Arizona State University, School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Lattie F. Coor Hall, 975 S Myrtle Ave, Tempe, Arizona 85281, USA.
Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society
|March 14, 2024
Summary
Children raised in economically disadvantaged areas face reduced adult social mobility. Growing up in "left behind" places, whether long-term or recent, lowers adult income rank, highlighting persistent economic scarring effects.
Area of Science:
- Socioeconomic studies
- Urban and regional economics
- Child development and social mobility
Background:
- Economic disparities create significant challenges for children's future opportunities.
- Understanding the long-term impact of place-based economic decline is crucial for policy development.
- Social mobility is influenced by a complex interplay of individual, family, and community factors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between growing up in "left behind" places and adult social mobility.
- To differentiate the effects of long-term versus recently declined areas on children's economic outcomes.
- To quantify the impact of place-based economic hardship on intergenerational income mobility.
Main Methods:
- Utilized a longitudinal database tracking over 20,000 U.S. locations from 1980-2018.
- Identified and categorized "left behind" places based on historical and recent economic conditions.
- Employed statistical analysis to compare adult income ranks of individuals exposed to different place-based economic trajectories, controlling for baseline household income.
Main Results:
- Exposure to "left behind" places is linked to a 4-percentile reduction in adult income rank compared to similar baseline income levels.
- Children in areas with improving economic conditions experience better outcomes.
- Negative effects are amplified in areas with compounding hardship and in adjacent struggling regions.
Conclusions:
- "Left behind" places impose "scarring effects" on children, hindering their long-term social mobility.
- These place-based disadvantages exacerbate intergenerational challenges for low-income households.
- Local economic improvements or outmigration may not fully mitigate the persistent disadvantages associated with "left behind" areas.
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