Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

109
Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
109
Implicit Memories01:24

Implicit Memories

130
Implicit memories, also known as non-declarative memories, are long-term memories that function outside of conscious awareness. These memories influence behavior and skills without explicit knowledge. This type of memory is evident in tasks like playing tennis, snowboarding, and texting. Implicit memory has three subsystems: procedural memory, conditioning, and priming. This type of memory is essential in various activities, from everyday tasks to specialized skills.
One key aspect of implicit...
130
Reason and Intuition01:37

Reason and Intuition

6.4K
The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
6.4K
Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

762
Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or...
762
Factors Affecting Perception01:25

Factors Affecting Perception

1.6K
Perception is influenced by perceptual set, context, motivation, and emotion. Perceptual set, or perceptual expectancy, refers to the tendency to perceive things in a particular way, influenced by previous experiences and expectations. This phenomenon affects the interpretation of stimuli, creating a set of mental tendencies and assumptions that impact sensory perceptions of sound, taste, touch, and sight.
An illustrative example of a perceptual set is the scenario where an airline pilot told...
1.6K
Explicit Memories01:27

Explicit Memories

137
Explicit memories, also known as declarative memories, are consciously remembered, recalled, and reported. Studying for a chemistry exam involves material that will become part of explicit memory. There are two types of explicit memory: episodic and semantic.
Episodic memory contains information about personally experienced events and is reported as a story. An example of episodic memory is recalling a birthday celebration. This type of memory includes the what, where, and when of an event, as...
137

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of orally administered S-ketamine in healthy participants.

Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)·2026
Same author

Sustained pharmacodynamic effects of S-ketamine on cortical excitability and resting-state brain activity: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

British journal of clinical pharmacology·2026
Same author

The effect of acute angiotensin receptor blockade on subjective and biological markers of stress response.

Psychoneuroendocrinology·2026
Same author

Effects of acute ebselen add-on treatment on resting state function connectivity in depressed patients with inadequate response to antidepressants.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Effects on hippocampal activity following novel 5-HT4 receptor agonism in unmedicated patients with depression: the RESTAND study.

Translational psychiatry·2026
Same author

Pro-cognitive effects of 5-HT4 receptor agonism in individuals with remitted depression.

Psychological medicine·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2025

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection
11:30

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection

Published on: August 26, 2011

9.8K

Value-based decision-making between affective and non-affective memories.

Erdem Pulcu1, Calum Guinea1, Hannah Clemens1

  • 1University of Oxford, Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, OX3 7JX Oxford, UK.

Iscience
|March 14, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Healthy volunteers show a positive memory bias for events experienced during positive moods. Pupil dilation during decision-making reflects the reward value of affective memories, indicating arousal system engagement.

Keywords:
NeurosciencePsychologySocial sciences

More Related Videos

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion
15:57

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion

Published on: May 4, 2011

16.5K
The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
08:24

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

711

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 1, 2025

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection
11:30

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection

Published on: August 26, 2011

9.8K
Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion
15:57

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion

Published on: May 4, 2011

16.5K
The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
08:24

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

711

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroeconomics
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Affective states significantly influence memory recall and formation.
  • Understanding the neural mechanisms of affective memory bias is crucial for cognitive science.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate affective memory bias in value-based decision-making (VBDM).
  • To explore the role of pupil-linked central arousal systems in recalling affective memories.

Main Methods:

  • Experimentally induced affective states using a Wheel of Fortune (WoF) task with wins and losses.
  • Assessed memory recall bias for abstract shapes encoded during different mood states.
  • Monitored pupillometry during VBDM to measure cognitive and affective responses.

Main Results:

  • Healthy volunteers exhibited a positive memory bias, recalling memories from positive moods more favorably.
  • Pupil constriction preceded high-value choices, while sustained dilation followed choices.
  • Pupil dilation duration correlated with the reward value of positively encoded abstract memories.

Conclusions:

  • Experimentally induced affective memories are recalled with a bias towards positive experiences.
  • Pupil-linked arousal systems are actively involved in VBDM, particularly with affective memories.
  • This study provides insights into the interplay between emotion, memory, and decision-making.