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Updated: May 10, 2026

Non-invasive Assessment of Microvascular and Endothelial Function

Non-invasive Assessment of Microvascular and Endothelial Function

Published on: January 29, 2013

Peripheral vascular function in stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Bria L Bartsch^1,2, Emily M Hazen², Robert N Montgomery³

¹Department of Physical Therapy, Rehabilitation Science, and Athletic Training, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States.

Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)

|March 14, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Peripheral vascular dysfunction, measured by flow-mediated dilation (FMD), persists throughout stroke recovery, increasing risks for future cardiovascular events. This review confirms impaired FMD across all stroke phases, highlighting the need for vascular health interventions.

Keywords:

arterial stiffness cerebrovascular accident flow-mediated dilation vascular health

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Non-invasive Assessment of Microvascular and Endothelial Function

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Published on: January 29, 2013

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A Methodological Approach to Non-invasive Assessments of Vascular Function and Morphology

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Published on: February 7, 2015

Area of Science:

Cardiovascular Science
Neurology
Vascular Biology

Background:

Peripheral vascular dysfunction, quantified by flow-mediated dilation (FMD), is a known risk factor for cardiovascular events.
FMD impairment is observed in various cardiovascular conditions, but its trajectory across stroke recovery phases requires detailed characterization.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review and meta-analyze baseline FMD values in individuals poststroke.
To characterize FMD across acute, subacute, and chronic stroke recovery phases.
To investigate the influence of age and time since stroke on FMD.

Main Methods:

A systematic search of PubMed, CINAHL, and Embase databases was conducted for studies published between January 1, 2000, and October 12, 2023.
Three reviewers performed study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment.
A random effects model was employed for meta-analysis, with meta-regression examining age and time poststroke effects.

Main Results:

Twenty-eight studies encompassing ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke were included.
The average estimated FMD across studies was 3.9% (95% CI: 2.5-5.3%), with significant heterogeneity (I² = 99.6%).
Neither average age nor time poststroke significantly correlated with FMD values.

Conclusions:

Peripheral vascular dysfunction, indicated by impaired FMD, is present throughout all phases of stroke recovery.
This persistent vascular impairment underscores the critical need for interventions targeting vascular health to improve outcomes and prevent recurrent stroke.
The findings highlight FMD as a relevant biomarker for assessing vascular health poststroke.