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Deciphering recursive polyploidization in Lamiales and reconstructing their chromosome evolutionary trajectories.

Jiangli Wang1, Bowen Song1, Minran Yang1

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Lamiales plants underwent multiple whole-genome duplications (WGDs), leading to new species and family diversification. Researchers reconstructed the ancestral Lamiales karyotype, revealing 11 proto-chromosomes and their evolutionary paths.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant genomics
  • Evolutionary biology
  • Phylogenetics

Background:

  • The Lamiales order exhibits significant plant diversity with valuable medicinal and ornamental species.
  • Understanding the genomic history of Lamiales is crucial for deciphering plant evolution and speciation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reanalyze genome sequences of 11 Lamiales species to uncover polyploidization events.
  • To investigate the role of whole-genome duplications (WGDs) in the diversification of Lamiales families.
  • To reconstruct the ancestral karyotype and evolutionary trajectories of Lamiales chromosomes.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative genomic analysis of 11 well-assembled Lamiales genomes.
  • Identification and dating of whole-genome duplication (WGD) and whole-genome triplication (WGT) events.
  • Reconstruction of ancestral karyotype and chromosome evolutionary pathways using a telomere-centric model.

Main Results:

  • Lamiales experienced multiple polyploidization events beyond the core eudicot hexaploidization/WGT.
  • A WGD predated the split of Scrophulariaceae, likely driving its divergence from other families.
  • A WGT around 68-78 Mya coincided with Oleaceae's divergence, suggesting its role in family establishment.
  • The ancestral Lamiales karyotype comprised 11 proto-chromosomes, with evidence preserved in the Jacaranda genome.

Conclusions:

  • Recursive polyploidization events have shaped the genomic landscape and diversification of Lamiales.
  • Specific WGDs and WGTs played key roles in the establishment and rapid divergence of major Lamiales families.
  • The study provides insights into genome repatterning, angiosperm karyotype evolution, and the origin of new plant groups.