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Related Concept Videos

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides02:26

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

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Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the central sulfur atom. Depending upon the type of groups present, sulfides can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical sulfides can be prepared via an SN2 reaction between 2 equivalents of an alkyl halide and one equivalent of sodium sulfide.
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Colloidal precipitates

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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
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Thiols are prepared using the hydrosulfide anion as a nucleophile in a nucleophilic substitution reaction with alkyl halides. For instance, bromobutane reacts with sodium hydrosulfide to give butanethiol.
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Formation of Complex Ions03:45

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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Attenuating the Polysulfide Shuttle Mechanism by Separator Coating.

Sebastian Daniel Hirt1, Martin Opitz2, Herbert Kappl2

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Chemphyschem : a European Journal of Chemical Physics and Physical Chemistry
|March 14, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Researchers improved lithium-sulfur battery stability by coating separators with metal oxides, reducing the polysulfide shuttle and enhancing cycle life for practical applications.

Keywords:
lithium-sulfur batteriesmagnetron sputteringpolysulfide adsorptionpolysulfide shuttleseparator modification

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Lithium-sulfur batteries offer high energy density but suffer from poor cycle stability.
  • The polysulfide shuttle mechanism, involving active material leaching and side reactions, hinders commercialization.
  • Developing effective strategies to mitigate the polysulfide shuttle is crucial for advancing battery technology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of magnetron sputtered metal oxide coatings on polypropylene separators for attenuating the polysulfide shuttle in lithium-sulfur batteries.
  • To analyze the morphology and electrochemical performance of molybdenum oxysulfide, manganese oxide, and chromium oxide coatings.
  • To correlate coating properties with their impact on Coulombic efficiency and cycle stability.

Main Methods:

  • Magnetron sputtering was employed to deposit amorphous coatings of molybdenum oxysulfide, manganese oxide, and chromium oxide onto microporous polypropylene separators.
  • Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the morphology of the coatings.
  • Electrochemical cyclization in half cells was performed to evaluate the performance enhancement.

Main Results:

  • The metal oxide coatings effectively attenuated the polysulfide shuttle mechanism.
  • Coulombic efficiency and cycle stability were significantly improved by the applied coatings.
  • SEM and XRD analyses confirmed the amorphous nature of the coatings.
  • Performance differences among the coatings were observed and related to their chemical and adsorption properties.

Conclusions:

  • Magnetron sputtering of metal oxides (molybdenum oxysulfide, manganese oxide, chromium oxide) onto separators is a viable strategy to enhance lithium-sulfur battery performance.
  • These coatings effectively suppress the polysulfide shuttle, leading to improved Coulombic efficiency and cycle stability.
  • The study provides insights into material selection for advanced lithium-sulfur battery separators.