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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

2.1K
Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

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The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
379
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

161
AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
161
Mass Analyzers: Common Types01:19

Mass Analyzers: Common Types

607
The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...
607
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference01:30

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference

183
In atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), high-temperature atomizers excite a broad range of elements and molecules that generate complex emissions from sources such as oxides, hydroxides, and flame combustion products in the flame or plasma. Several strategies can be employed to minimize spectral interferences caused by overlapping emission lines or bands. These include increasing instrument resolution, choosing alternative emission lines, optimally placing the detector in low-background regions,...
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Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

218
Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used....
218

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Methodology for measuring photonuclear reaction cross sections with an electron accelerator based on Bayesian

Saverio Braccini1, Pierluigi Casolaro2, Gaia Dellepiane1

  • 1Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics (AEC), Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.

Applied Radiation and Isotopes : Including Data, Instrumentation and Methods for Use in Agriculture, Industry and Medicine
|March 14, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new method for measuring photonuclear reaction cross sections using a microtron accelerator and High Purity Germanium spectrometer. This technique is vital for applications in nuclear medicine and radiation shielding.

Keywords:
Bayesian analysisCross sectionElectron acceleratorPhotonuclear reactions

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Physics
  • Metrology

Background:

  • Accurate photonuclear reaction cross section data is essential for diverse applications.
  • Key applications include radiation shielding, absorbed dose calculations, reactor physics, nuclear safeguards, astrophysics, and nuclear medicine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a methodology for measuring photonuclear reaction cross sections using a microtron accelerator.
  • To study the production of radionuclides like 225Ac, 47Sc, and 67Cu.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a microtron accelerator at the Swiss Federal Institute of Metrology (METAS).
  • Measured produced activity with a High Purity Germanium (HPGe) spectrometer.
  • Determined photon fluence spectrum via Monte Carlo simulations.
  • Employed a Bayesian fitting procedure with a Breit-Wigner function for data analysis.

Main Results:

  • Validated the methodology by measuring the 197Au(γ, n)196Au reaction cross section.
  • Obtained results consistent with existing literature values.

Conclusions:

  • The developed methodology provides accurate measurements of photonuclear reaction cross sections.
  • This technique is suitable for studying radionuclide production and other critical applications.