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Related Concept Videos

Hearing01:31

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
Hair Cells01:22

Hair Cells

Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the auditory system—they transduce mechanical sound waves into electrical energy that the nervous system can understand. Hair cells are located in the organ of Corti within the cochlea of the inner ear, between the basilar and tectorial membranes. The actual sensory receptors are called inner hair cells. The outer hair cells serve other functions, such as sound amplification in the cochlea, and are not discussed in detail here.
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The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
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Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Recording Human Electrocorticographic ECoG Signals for Neuroscientific Research and Real-time Functional Cortical Mapping
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Speech decoding using cortical and subcortical electrophysiological signals.

Hemmings Wu1,2, Chengwei Cai1, Wenjie Ming1,3

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.

Frontiers in Neuroscience
|March 15, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study shows that both brain cortex and subcortical structures are crucial for decoding speech. Combining signals from both areas improves brain-computer interface accuracy for understanding spoken language.

Keywords:
decodingmachine learningneural networksEEGspeech

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Speech Science

Background:

  • Language impairments often stem from neurological disorders, necessitating neural prosthetics for communication restoration.
  • Current brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) for speech decoding predominantly use cortical signals, overlooking subcortical contributions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of subcortical brain structures in speech decoding using stereotactic electroencephalography (sEEG).
  • To compare the predictive power of cortical and subcortical signals for different speech features (consonant place, manner, tone).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized sEEG signals from two native Mandarin Chinese speakers undergoing epilepsy treatment.
  • Extracted frequency band powers (1-30, 30-70, 70-150 Hz) from sEEG signals as features.
  • Employed a deep learning model (long short-term memory) to decode speech features from cortical and subcortical signals.

Main Results:

  • Cortical signals achieved high accuracy (86.5%) for articulatory place prediction.
  • Subcortical signals showed superior performance in tone prediction (58.3% accuracy).
  • Combined cortical and subcortical signals resulted in the highest overall prediction accuracy, particularly for tone.

Conclusions:

  • Both cortical and subcortical brain regions play essential, distinct roles in speech decoding.
  • Integrating subcortical signals into BCIs can enhance speech decoding capabilities, especially for prosodic elements like tone.