Using focus groups with dairy cattle veterinarians to explore learning about calf welfare

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Medicine
• Animal Welfare Science

Background:

• Dairy calf welfare is a critical area of interest in veterinary medicine.
• Limited understanding of calf welfare concepts among veterinarians impedes farm-level improvements.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the utility of focus groups in promoting dairy calf welfare learning among Canadian cattle veterinarians.
• To identify key themes in veterinary learning regarding calf welfare.

Main Methods:

• Five focus groups (33 participants) were conducted during a continuing education workshop.
• Applied thematic analysis and adult learning theory were used for data analysis.
• A codebook was developed to identify main learning themes.

Main Results:

• Three primary learning themes emerged: defining a shared veterinary concept of animal welfare, self-examination and group reflection on calf welfare problems, and negotiating strategies for welfare improvement.
• Guided peer-discussion facilitated a deeper understanding and shared approach to calf welfare issues.

Conclusions:

• Focus groups are an effective tool for facilitating animal welfare learning within the veterinary profession.
• Peer-led discussions can enhance veterinarians' ability to diagnose, understand, and address calf welfare challenges.