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Plastic Behavior

Plastic Behavior

A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and...

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Pull-Off Behavior of Hand-Cast, Thermoformed, Milled, and 3D-Printed Splints.

Verena Hickl, Thomas Strasser, Alois Schmid

The International Journal of Prosthodontics

|March 15, 2024

Summary

Milled and cast splints demonstrated superior pull-out performance compared to 3D printed and thermoformed options. Manufacturing method significantly influences splint durability and longevity in dental applications.

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Published on: January 17, 2025

Area of Science:

Dental Materials Science
Biomaterials Engineering
Prosthodontics

Background:

Mandibular splints are crucial for managing temporomandibular disorders and bruxism.
Understanding the mechanical performance of splints fabricated by different methods is essential for clinical success.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the insertion and pull-out performance of mandibular splints manufactured using four distinct techniques: hand casting, thermoforming, milling, and 3D printing.
To evaluate the influence of manufacturing method on splint durability under simulated oral conditions.

Main Methods:

120 identical mandibular splints were fabricated using hand casting, thermoforming, milling, and 3D printing (n=8 per group).
Splints underwent simulated intraoral aging followed by cyclic pull-out testing to failure.
Fracture behavior was analyzed, and finite element analysis was employed for verification.

Main Results:

Milled splints exhibited the highest number of pull-out cycles (up to 1,600,000), significantly outperforming printed and thermoformed splints.
Pull-off forces varied significantly across manufacturing methods, with milled splints showing the highest resistance.
Splint thickness showed a weak correlation with the number of pull-out cycles.

Conclusions:

Milled and cast splints demonstrate superior durability and pull-out resistance compared to 3D printed and thermoformed splints.
The choice of manufacturing technique and material properties significantly impacts the mechanical performance and longevity of mandibular splints.