Complementary and alternative medicine: A narrative review of nutritional approaches for cancer-related fatigue

Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a common symptom among patients with cancer, with a prevalence of >49%. CRF significantly affects the quality of life of patients and may also affect their overall survival. Pharmacological interventions serve as a last resort after carefully weighing the risks and benefits, with limited benefits for patients, many side effects, and adverse reactions. Compared to traditional medicine, nutritional approaches have fewer side effects, are highly accepted by patients, and do not affect the antitumor treatment of patients. Many studies have shown that nutritional approaches, as a form of complementary and alternative medicine, help improve the symptoms of CRF and the quality of life of patients. This study was designed to examine nutritional approaches to CRF and assess their effectiveness of nutritional approaches in improving CRF. We present an overview of clinical trials investigating nutritional approaches for CRF that have been published over the last 2 decades. A total of 33 records were obtained from 3 databases: Web of Science, MEDLINE, and PubMed. Some nutritional approaches, such as melatonin, PG2, and S-adenosyl-l-methionine, are potential options for CRF treatment. However, the trials included in the review varied widely in quality, most were weak in methodology, and there is currently insufficient evidence to conclude with certainty the effectiveness of nutritional approaches in reducing CRF. Therefore, the design and methods used in future complementary and alternative medicine trials should be more rigorous.