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Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings II: Auscultation

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Auscultation, an essential part of a heart examination, is done using a stethoscope. It provides crucial information about heart function and possible heart problems. Due to heart problems, abnormal sounds can be heard during systole or diastole. These sounds include S3 and S4 gallops, opening snaps, systolic clicks, and murmurs.
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Ventricular septal defect following mitral valve replacement

Michael Poullis¹

¹Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK.

European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery : Official Journal of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery

|March 15, 2024

Summary

No abstract available in PubMed .

Keywords:

cardiac surgery mitral surgery ventricular septal defect

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