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Related Concept Videos

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

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The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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RNA polymerase (RNAP) carries out DNA-dependent RNA synthesis in both bacteria and eukaryotes. Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. So, transcription and translation occur simultaneously, on the same DNA template.
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Eukaryotic Evolution01:24

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The endosymbiont theory is the most widely accepted theory of eukaryotic evolution; however, its progression is still somewhat debated. According to the nucleus-first hypothesis, the ancestral prokaryote first evolved a membrane to enclose DNA and form the nucleus. Conversely, the mitochondria-first hypothesis suggests that the nucleus was formed after endosymbiosis of mitochondria.
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John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
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Droplet Barcoding-Based Single Cell Transcriptomics of Adult Mammalian Tissues
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Single-cell phylotranscriptomics of developmental and cell type evolution.

Fuqiang Ma1, Chaogu Zheng1

  • 1School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.

Trends in Genetics : TIG
|March 15, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Single-cell phylotranscriptomics reveals evolutionary insights by analyzing gene expression across cell types and developmental stages. This method illuminates the hourglass model of development and the evolutionary history of diverse cell types.

Keywords:
cell typedevelopmental hourglass patternevolutionphylotranscriptomicssingle-cell transcriptomics

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Last Updated: Jun 30, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Developmental biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • The developmental hourglass model posits mid-embryonic conservation across species.
  • Morphological and molecular studies support this hourglass pattern.
  • Understanding evolutionary mechanisms at the cellular level is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the utility of single-cell phylotranscriptomics in evolutionary studies.
  • To explore the hourglass pattern of ontogenetic evolution.
  • To understand the evolutionary history of cell types.

Main Methods:

  • Single-cell phylotranscriptomic analysis.
  • Transcriptome age analysis across cell types and lineages.
  • Comparative analysis of developmental stages.

Main Results:

  • Revealed significant heterogeneity in transcriptome ages among cell types and lineages.
  • Identified specific lineages and tissues driving the whole-organism hourglass pattern.
  • Provided insights into germ layer origins and tissue adaptation.

Conclusions:

  • Single-cell phylotranscriptomics is a powerful tool for dissecting evolutionary processes at single-cell resolution.
  • The study deepens our understanding of developmental conservation and cell type evolution.
  • It offers new perspectives on evolutionary relationships between cell types.