Cost effectiveness of malaria vector control activities in Sudan

Area of Science:

• Medical Entomology
• Public Health
• Vector Control

Background:

• Malaria vector control in Sudan primarily utilizes Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs), Indoor Residual Spray (IRS), and Larval Source Management (LSM).
• Assessing the cost-effectiveness and impact of these interventions across diverse environmental settings is crucial for optimizing malaria control strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To determine the cost-effectiveness of inputs and operations for IRS, LLINs, and LSM in central and eastern Sudan.
• To evaluate the impact of these vector control interventions on malaria vectors and prevalence.

Main Methods:

• Cost data from the National Malaria Control Program (2017) and entomological indicators for Anopheles mosquitoes were analyzed for eight study sites.
• Operational costs, achievements, and impact were assessed for IRS, LLINs, and LSM interventions.

Main Results:

• LLINs ($0.85) and LSM ($0.32) were more cost-effective per person per year than IRS ($1.6).
• Coverage varied significantly: IRS (97%), LLINs (95.2%), and LSM (25-50%).
• LSM implementation resulted in higher vectorial capacity (0.294-0.65) and malaria prevalence (13.1-21.1%) compared to IRS and LLINs.

Conclusions:

• IRS and LLINs are cost-effective due to adequate resources and organized implementation.
• LSM's effectiveness is hampered by low coverage, insufficient support, and challenges in urban settings.
• Addressing funding, trained personnel, political stability, and infrastructure is vital for successful LSM implementation.