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Related Concept Videos

Development of Human Microbiota01:30

Development of Human Microbiota

The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from the skin...
The Skin Microbiota01:27

The Skin Microbiota

The human skin serves as a complex ecosystem inhabited by a diverse community of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This microbiome plays a critical role in maintaining skin health and defending against pathogenic invaders. The composition of microbial communities varies significantly across different regions of the body, influenced primarily by the local levels of moisture and sebum.Regional Variation in Skin MicrobiotaCutibacterium acnes predominantly colonizes sebaceous...
Development of the Oral Microbiota01:28

Development of the Oral Microbiota

The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
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Microbiota of the Stomach and Small Intestine

The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract is characterized by distinct physicochemical conditions that shape its microbial communities. Among these, the stomach presents a particularly challenging environment for microbial colonization due to its highly acidic pH, ranging from 1 to 3. This extreme acidity effectively limits microbial density. However, certain acid-tolerant microorganisms are capable of surviving in this niche. Notably, Helicobacter pylori can colonize the gastric mucosa,...
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Microbiota of the Large Intestine

The large intestine hosts the most densely populated microbial ecosystem in the human body. This complex community primarily consists of anaerobic bacteria, with Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) and Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) as the predominant groups. The distribution of these microbes varies along different sections of the large intestine, influenced by local environmental factors such as oxygen availability and nutrient composition.The cecum, located at the beginning of the large...
Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics01:21

Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Exploring the Root Microbiome: Extracting Bacterial Community Data from the Soil, Rhizosphere, and Root Endosphere
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Pitting the olive seed microbiome.

Nuria M Wentzien1, Antonio J Fernández-González1, Antonio Valverde-Corredor2

  • 1Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y la Planta, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain.

Environmental Microbiome
|March 16, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Olive seed microbiota is influenced by plant genotype, revealing unique bacterial and fungal signatures. Some microbes may transfer from roots to seeds, impacting plant development.

Keywords:
CladosporiumMalasseziaOlea europaeaStreptomycesOlive genotypesVertical transmission

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Area of Science:

  • Plant-microbe interactions
  • Microbiome research
  • Olive tree biology

Background:

  • The plant holobiont's health depends on plant-microbe interactions.
  • Olive seed microbiota remains largely uncharacterized.
  • Previous studies have not investigated olive seed microbial communities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the bacterial, fungal, and archaeal communities in olive seeds.
  • To determine if olive genotype influences seed microbial composition.
  • To identify the origin of the seed microbiota.

Main Methods:

  • Amplicon sequencing of bacterial, fungal, and archaeal communities in seeds of ten olive genotypes.
  • Development of a sterile technique for isolating endosphere samples from olive seeds.

Main Results:

  • A diverse microbiota was identified in olive seeds, with plant genotype significantly shaping community structure.
  • Actinobacteria was the dominant bacterial phylum (41% average abundance), with Streptomyces being a key genus.
  • Basidiomycota and Ascomycota were the main fungal phyla, including genera like Malassezia, Cladosporium, and Mycosphaerella.
  • A shared microbiome of four bacterial and three fungal genera was found across genotypes.
  • Genera such as Streptomyces and Malassezia were detected in both seed and root endospheres of the same trees.

Conclusions:

  • This study presents the first characterization of olive seed microbiota, highlighting unique signatures of Malassezia and Streptomyces.
  • Olive genotype is a significant factor in shaping seed microbial community composition.
  • Evidence suggests potential translocation of microbes from roots to seeds, indicating possible vertical transmission pathways.