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Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
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Active crystallization from power functional theory.

Sophie Hermann1, Matthias Schmidt1

  • 1Theoretische Physik II, Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bayreuth, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany.

Physical Review. E
|March 16, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Active Brownian particles exhibit distinct gas, liquid, and crystal phases. Motility-induced phase separation transitions to active freezing above a critical point, with mean swim speed as a key variable.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • Active Brownian particles (ABPs) are self-propelled entities exhibiting complex collective behaviors.
  • Understanding phase transitions in non-equilibrium systems like ABPs is crucial for soft matter physics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the gas, liquid, and crystal phase behaviors of three-dimensional active Brownian particles.
  • To analyze the conditions and mechanisms driving motility-induced phase separation and active freezing.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing power functional approximations to model the nonequilibrium force balance at phase coexistence.
  • Analyzing the role of the Péclet number and mean swim speed as state variables.

Main Results:

  • Identified a critical point for motility-induced phase separation.
  • Demonstrated that phase separation becomes metastable against active freezing above a nonequilibrium triple point.
  • Mean swim speed was found to be analogous to depletion agent density in colloidal systems.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a theoretical framework for understanding phase transitions in active matter.
  • Results align with recent simulation data and accurately predict particle number fluctuations in active fluids.