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Gender-Related Disparities in Sport, Physical Activity, and Physical Activity Lessons in Minnesota From 2016 to 2019
Sarah M Kaja1, Jenifer K McGuire2
1Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Summary
Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) adolescents in Minnesota showed lower participation in team sports and physical activity (PA) compared to cisgender youth in 2016 and 2019. These participation gaps persisted over the study period.
Area of Science:
- Adolescent Health
- Sports Medicine
- Sociology of Sport
Background:
- Participation in sports and physical activity (PA) is crucial for adolescent well-being.
- Understanding disparities in PA engagement among diverse youth populations is essential.
- Previous research indicates potential barriers for transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals in sports.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze statewide trends in team sports, physical activity (PA) lessons, and overall PA among TGD adolescents.
- To compare PA participation between TGD and cisgender youth in 2016 and 2019.
- To identify trends in PA engagement across different gender identities within the TGD umbrella.
Main Methods:
- Utilized multi-year panel data from Minnesota high school students.
- Compared frequencies and percentages of team sport and PA lesson involvement between TGD and cisgender youth.
- Analyzed mean days of at least 60 minutes of PA in the prior week for both groups in 2016 and 2019.
Main Results:
- Cisgender students were approximately twice as likely to participate in sports in both 2016 and 2019.
- Cisgender youth engaged in an average of one additional day per week of PA (≥ 60 minutes) compared to TGD youth.
- Adolescents unsure of their gender identity showed slightly higher PA participation than those identifying as transgender, genderqueer, genderfluid, or nonbinary.
Conclusions:
- Gender-related participation gaps in sports and PA existed for Minnesota high school students in 2016 and persisted through 2019.
- The study highlights persistent disparities in physical activity engagement for TGD adolescents.
- Distinctions among identities within the TGD umbrella (e.g., gender identity uncertainty) provide nuanced insights into participation patterns.
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