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Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...

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Lipoarabinomannan-based tuberculosis diagnosis using a fiber cavity ring down biosensor.

Ubaid Ullah¹, Seerat Saleem², Muddassar Farooq³

¹Department of Electrical Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.

Biomedical Optics Express

|March 18, 2024

Summary

A novel optical fiber sensor offers rapid, portable, and cost-effective detection of lipoarabinomannan (LAM), a biomarker for tuberculosis (TB), in urine. This breakthrough aids in faster TB diagnosis, especially in resource-limited settings.

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Analytical Chemistry
Infectious Disease Diagnostics

Background:

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health challenge, hindered by the lack of rapid and accessible diagnostic tools.
Current gold-standard TB diagnosis, sputum culture, is accurate but slow and requires specialized laboratories.
There is a critical need for portable, sensitive, and rapid diagnostic tests for effective TB control.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a rapid, portable, and cost-effective optical fiber sensor for detecting lipoarabinomannan (LAM) in urine.
To utilize phase shift-cavity ringdown spectroscopy (PS-CRDS) for sensitive LAM quantification.
To provide a diagnostic solution suitable for low-resource settings.

Main Methods:

An optical fiber cavity was created using fiber Bragg gratings, with a tapered fiber as the sensing head.
The tapered fiber surface was functionalized with anti-LAM antigen CS-35 for specific LAM molecule binding.
Phase shift-cavity ringdown spectroscopy (PS-CRDS) was employed to measure phase differences proportional to LAM concentration.

Main Results:

The sensor demonstrated a detection limit of 10 pg/mL for LAM.
A high sensitivity of 0.026°/pg/mL was achieved.
The measured phase shift directly correlated with LAM concentrations in aqueous solutions.

Conclusions:

The developed optical fiber sensor is a promising tool for rapid and sensitive TB diagnosis.
Its portability and cost-effectiveness make it ideal for healthcare applications in low-resource settings.
This technology can significantly improve TB screening and management globally.