The Protective Effect of Abortion on Preeclampsia: An Analysis of Current Research

A review of the current literature on preeclampsia (PE) confirms that this pregnancy complication remains a common cause of maternal mortality. Within the last several decades, obstetric and gynecological researchers worldwide have indicated an association between prior abortions and the development of PE. Different studies have debated whether abortion is a protective or risk factor for PE. However, the most current literature demonstrates a stronger likelihood that a positive history of abortions will offer a protective effect against PE. This association has been supported by advancements in the reproductive immunology literature, which states complex fetal and paternal pathological mechanisms help to build maternal immunological tolerance, thus protecting expectant mothers from pregnancy complications. This literature review will compare studies supporting prior abortions offering a protective effect against PE with those stating prior abortions are a risk factor for the development of PE. Additionally, this critical review will discuss the advancements and current understanding of reproductive immunology and how it pertains to this association between positive abortion history and PE.