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Maintenance of the ES Cell State

Maintenance of the ES Cell State

The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...

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Updated: Jun 30, 2025

Rapid, Cost-Efficient, Enzyme-Free Passaging of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells on Feeder Cells by Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid-Mediated Dis-Adhesion

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Metabolic Quadrivalency in RSeT Human Embryonic Stem Cells.

Kevin G Chen¹, Kyeyoon Park¹, Dragan Maric²

¹NIH Stem Cell Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology

|March 18, 2024

Summary

Researchers discovered a new human embryonic stem cell (hESC) state resistant to reprogramming. This unique metabolic state, termed metabolic quadrivalency, supports hESC growth and impacts pluripotent state transitions.

Keywords:

Metabolomics RSeT medium cell proliferation human pluripotent stem cells hypoxia metabolism pluripotency

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Last Updated: Jun 30, 2025

Rapid, Cost-Efficient, Enzyme-Free Passaging of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells on Feeder Cells by Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid-Mediated Dis-Adhesion

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Profiling Individual Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Quantitative RT-PCR

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Published on: May 29, 2014

Area of Science:

Stem cell biology
Cellular metabolism
Developmental biology

Background:

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) possess pluripotency, a key characteristic.
Pluripotent stem cells typically exhibit metabolic bivalency (glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation).
RSeT medium induces a unique pluripotent state in hESCs.

Conclusions:

A novel pluripotent state in hESCs induced by RSeT medium exhibits distinct metabolic characteristics.
Metabolic quadrivalency influences hESC growth and pluripotency.
Findings offer new insights into pluripotent state transitions and metabolic stress in hESCs in vitro.