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New insights into Gasdermin D pore formation
Shirin Kappelhoff1, Eleonora G Margheritis1, Katia Cosentino1
1Department of Biology/Chemistry and Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics (CellNanOs), University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany.
Biochemical Society Transactions
|March 18, 2024
Summary
Gasdermin D (GSDMD) protein forms pores in cell membranes during pyroptosis, a cell death process. Its activation and pore formation are tightly regulated, influencing inflammatory responses and cell fate.
Area of Science:
- Cellular Biology
- Immunology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Gasdermin D (GSDMD) is a key protein in pyroptosis, a pro-inflammatory cell death pathway.
- GSDMD activation leads to plasma membrane perforation, cytokine release, and cell lysis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the mechanisms of GSDMD activation and pore formation.
- To explore the regulatory mechanisms controlling GSDMD function in pyroptosis.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent findings on GSDMD.
- Analysis of GSDMD's role in inflammasome pathways and membrane perforation.
Main Results:
- GSDMD is activated by caspases and other proteases, forming oligomeric nanostructures.
- Cysteine residues and post-translational modifications are crucial for GSDMD oligomerization and pore formation.
- Membrane repair mechanisms and lipid environment modulate GSDMD pore numbers.
Conclusions:
- GSDMD pore formation is a plastic process regulated by multiple mechanisms.
- Understanding GSDMD regulation is vital for modulating inflammatory responses and cell fate.
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