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Acute cardiac autonomic and hemodynamic responses to resistive breathing: Effect of loading type and intensity
Karan Pongpanit1, Manta Korakot1, Peerakan Nitilap1
1Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand.
Objectives:
This study aimed to assess the acute impact of distinct loading breathing types and intensities on cardiac autonomic function and hemodynamic responses in healthy young adults.
Methods:
A randomized, crossover trial involved 28 participants who underwent inspiratory resistive breathing, expiratory resistive breathing (ERB) and combined resistive breathing, each at 30% and 60% of maximal respiratory pressures. Data on heart rate variability (HRV) and hemodynamic parameters were collected during each trial.
Results:
The study revealed significant main and interaction effects for both the performed task and the intensity across all measured variables (all p < 0.001). ERB at 60% load demonstrated significantly higher HRV values in the standard deviation of normal-to-normal RR intervals, the square root of the mean squared difference of successive normal-to-normal RR intervals and high-frequency power, as well as significantly lower values in heart rate, stroke volume, stroke volume index, cardiac output, cardiac index, end-diastolic volume and end-diastolic volume index, compared to other loaded protocols (all p < 0.001).
Conclusion:
These findings highlight the acute effect of type-specific and load-dependent resistive breathing on cardiac autonomic and hemodynamic functions, where ERB at 60% intensity showed the most significant cardiovagal modulation while causing the least hemodynamic alterations.
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