Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 30, 2025
08:46
Production of Lentiviral Vectors for Transducing Cells from the Central Nervous System
Published on: May 24, 2012
36.1K
Capsid-dependent lentiviral restrictions.
Joy Twentyman1, Michael Emerman1, Molly Ohainle2
1Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Journal of Virology
|March 18, 2024
Summary
Host antiviral proteins block primate lentivirus replication by targeting viral structures. This review covers known capsid-targeting antiviral mechanisms and highlights methods to identify novel antiviral genes, advancing HIV and retrovirology research.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Immunology
- Genetics
Background:
- Host antiviral proteins are crucial in controlling primate lentivirus and retrovirus infections.
- These proteins target various stages of the viral life cycle, including the capsid protein and viral core.
- Known antiviral blocks (Lv1-Lv5) exhibit cell type-specific inhibition of primate lentiviruses.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the characteristics of identified capsid-targeting antiviral blocks.
- To discuss antiviral blocks where the responsible genes are yet to be identified.
- To highlight how current methodologies can facilitate the discovery of novel antiviral genes.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on host antiviral proteins and lentiviral restriction factors.
- Analysis of described antiviral phenotypes (Lv1-Lv5) and their mechanisms.
- Discussion of current genetic and molecular techniques applicable to antiviral gene discovery.
Main Results:
- Several host antiviral proteins directly target lentiviral capsid and core structures.
- Cell type-specific restriction factors (Lv1-Lv5) demonstrate varied efficacy against different primate lentiviruses.
- Numerous antiviral blocks remain uncharacterized, with their causative genes yet to be identified.
Conclusions:
- Understanding capsid-targeting antiviral mechanisms is key to controlling lentiviral infections.
- Advanced methodologies are poised to identify novel antiviral genes, solving long-standing retrovirology mysteries.
- This research is vital for developing new therapeutic strategies against HIV and other retroviruses.
Related Concept Videos
02:33Retroviruses
12.3K
Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
12.3K
01:10Retrovirus Life Cycles
45.9K
Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
45.9K