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Electrodes: Overview01:17

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 Electrochemical measurements are conducted in an electrochemical cell composed of various components that control and measure the current and potential. One fundamental component is electrodes, conductive materials that enable electron transfer reactions at their surfaces.
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Complexometric titration involves the formation of a complex by reacting a metal ion with one or more ligands. A visual indicator often detects the end point of a complexometric titration. It is added to the metal solution before the titration, forming a stable metal–indicator complex and imparting color to the solution. As the titration approaches the equivalence point, the excess of the added ligand displaces the indicator from the metal–indicator complex, releasing the free...
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Updated: Jun 30, 2025

Evaluating the Electrochemical Properties of Supercapacitors using the Three-Electrode System
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Stoichiometrically Optimized Electrochromic Complex [V2O2+ξ(OH)3-ξ] Based Electrode: Prototype Supercapacitor with

Love Bansal1, Bhumika Sahu1, Deb Kumar Rath1

  • 1Materials and Device Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, 453552, India.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|March 18, 2024
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Summary

Stoichiometrically tuned porous vanadium oxide demonstrates enhanced electrochromic supercapacitor performance. This optimization offers high energy density, power density, and color-modulating capabilities for practical applications.

Keywords:
electrochromic supercapacitorprototype devicestoichiometrysurface modificationvanadium oxide

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Systematic structure modification of metal oxides is crucial for advanced energy storage and color-modulating applications.
  • Developing effective strategies for structural tuning is highly desirable for improving material performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the multifunctional capabilities of a stoichiometrically tuned porous vanadium oxide-hydroxide complex for electrochromic supercapacitors.
  • To investigate the impact of stoichiometry on the electrochemical and electrochromic properties of vanadium oxide-based materials.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of a porous vanadium oxide-hydroxide complex, [V2O2+ξ(OH)3-ξ], using a wet chemical etching technique.
  • Optimization of stoichiometry (ξ = 0) to maximize electroactive surface sites.
  • Fabrication and testing of a solid-state symmetric electrochromic supercapacitor device.

Main Results:

  • The optimized electrode ([V2O2+ξ(OH)3-ξ] with ξ = 0) exhibited a high charge storage capacity of 610 Fg⁻¹ at 1A g⁻¹.
  • Excellent electrochromic properties were observed, including high color contrast (70% and 50% at 428 and 640 nm), fast switching, and high coloration efficiency.
  • The assembled supercapacitor device achieved ultrahigh power density (1066 mWcm⁻²), high energy density (246 mWhcm⁻²), and specific capacitance (290 mFcm⁻² at 0.2 mAcm⁻²).
  • A prototype device demonstrated distinct color changes (red, green, blue) corresponding to different charge states.

Conclusions:

  • Stoichiometric tuning is an effective strategy for optimizing the multifunctional performance of electrochromic supercapacitors.
  • The developed vanadium oxide-hydroxide material shows significant promise for advanced energy storage and display applications.
  • Demonstration of a large-area (25 cm²) device prototype highlights potential for real-world implementation.